Samuel Willard (January 31, 1640 – September 12, 1707) was a New England Puritan clergyman who served as the acting president of Harvard from 1701 to 1707. He was born in Concord, Massachusetts, graduated from Harvard College in 1659, and was minister at Groton from 1663 to 1676, before being driven out by the Indians during King Philip's War.
Early life
Willard's parents were Major Simon Willard and Mary Sharpe, who had emigrated from England to New England in 1634, settling first in Cambridge, Massachusetts. In 1635, with Rev.
Peter Bulkeley, they established the town of Concord, where Samuel was born the sixth child and second son. After the death of his mother, his father remarried twice, and Samuel was one of seventeen children born to the family.
[Van Dyken, pp. 13–14.] At the age of fifteen, Willard entered
Harvard College in 1655, graduating in 1659, and was the only member of his class to receive an M.A.
[Sibley, p. 13.]
Ministry in Groton
In 1663, Willard began preaching in Groton, then at the very frontier of the Massachusetts Bay Colony. The town's first minister, John Miller, had become ill and, when he died, the congregation asked Willard to stay, and he was officially ordained by them in 1664.
[Van Dyken, pp. 26–27.]
On August 8, 1664, Willard married Abigail Sherman of Watertown. In 1670, he became a freeman, with full privileges of citizenship. In 1671, 16-year-old Elizabeth Knapp fell ill and appeared to be possessed. Willard wrote about the strange behavior. Groton was destroyed on March 10, 1676, during King Philip's War, and the 300 residents abandoned the town. Willard and his family removed to Charlestown, Massachusetts.
Ministry in Boston
Willard preached at the Third Church in Boston during the illness of Rev.
Thomas Thacher and gave an election-day sermon on June 5. The Third Church called Willard to be its teacher, an associate pastor, on April 10, 1678. When Thacher died on October 15, Willard became the only pastor. Members of the congregation included a variety of influential members of the colony: John Hull,
Samuel Sewall, Edward Rawson,
Thomas Brattle,
Joshua Scottow,
Hezekiah Usher and Capt. John Alden (the son of
John Alden and Priscilla Alden of Plymouth). His wife Abigail died some time in the first half of 1679; in July that year he married Eunice Tyng, a possible sister-in-law of
Joseph Dudley.
[Quincy, Josiah. The History of Harvard University. John Owen (1840), vol. I, p. 148.]
While in Boston, he married Josiah Franklin and Abiah Folger, the parents of the American polymath and Founding Father, Benjamin Franklin.
Church of England
Sir Edmund Andros asked each of the
Puritan churches in Boston if its meeting house could be used for services of the Church of England. When he was rebuffed, he demanded and was given keys to Samuel Willard's Third Church in 1687 in a clear power play. Services were held there under the auspices of Rev. Robert Ratcliff until 1688, when King's Chapel was built.
[Lustig, p. 165] These actions highlighted him as pro-
Anglican in the eyes of local Puritans,
[Ferguson, p. 141] who later accused him of involvement in a "horrid Popish plot".
Leading Harvard
Willard was the acting president of Harvard College, although having the nominal title of vice-president, from 1701 until his death in 1707.
[Quincy, pp. 145–156.]
Works
See also
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Descendants of Simon Willard (1605–1676)
Notes
Further reading
-
Seymour Van Dyken, Samuel Willard, 1640-1707: Preacher of Orthodoxy in an Era of Change (1972);
-
Ernest Benson Lowrie, The Shape of the Puritan Mind: The Thought of Samuel Willard (1974);
-
(bio of great-great-grandson)
External links
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Profile, pragmatism.org; accessed September 7, 2015.
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A collection of Samuel Willard's sermons are in the Harvard Divinity School Library at Harvard Divinity School in Cambridge, Massachusetts.
